Energy Law of the People's Republic of China

(Adopted at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress on November 8, 2024)

  Contents

  Chapter One　General Principles

  Chapter Two　Energy Planning

  Chapter Three　Energy Development And Utilization

  Chapter Four　Energy Market System

  Chapter Five　Energy Reserves And Emergency Response

  Chapter Six　Energy Technology Innovation

  Chapter Seven　Supervision And Administration

  Chapter Eight　Legal Liability

  Chapter Nine　Supplementary Provisions

  Chapter One　General Principles

  Article 1　In order to promote high-quality energy development, ensure national energy security, promote green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of the economy and society, actively and steadily promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and meet the needs of building a socialist modernized country comprehensively, this law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution.

  Article 2　The energy referred to in this law refers to various resources that directly or through processing and conversion obtain useful energy, including coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, as well as electricity, heat, hydrogen energy, etc.

  Article 3　Energy work should adhere to the leadership of the CPC, implement the new development concept and the overall national security concept, coordinate development and security, implement the new energy security strategy of promoting the energy consumption revolution, the energy supply revolution, the energy technology revolution, the energy system revolution and comprehensively strengthening international cooperation, adhere to domestic, diversified security, conservation priority, green development, and accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient new energy system.

  Article 4　The country adheres to the principles of multiple measures, precise implementation, scientific management, and social governance, improves energy conservation policies, strengthens energy conservation management, and comprehensively adopts economic, technological, propaganda and education measures to promote the entire process of economic and social development and reduce energy consumption in all fields, and prevent energy waste.

  Article 5　The country improves energy development and utilization policies, optimizes energy supply and consumption structures, actively promotes clean and low-carbon energy development, and improves energy utilization efficiency.

  The country has established a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption and intensity to dual control of carbon emissions and intensity, and accelerated the construction of a dual control system for carbon emissions and intensity.

  Article 6　The country is accelerating the establishment of a diversified, unified, open, orderly competitive, and effectively regulated energy market system, regulating the energy market order in accordance with the law, and equally protecting the legitimate rights and interests of all types of entities in the energy market.

  Article 7　The country is improving the energy production, supply, storage, and sales system, establishing a sound energy reserve system and emergency response mechanism, enhancing energy supply capacity, and ensuring energy security, stability, reliability, and effective supply.

  Article 8　The country establishes a sound energy standard system to ensure energy security and green low-carbon transformation, and promotes the development of new energy technologies, industries, and business models.

  Article 9　The country strengthens the construction of energy technology innovation capacity, supports scientific and technological research, application demonstration, and industrial development of energy development and utilization, and provides technological support for high-quality energy development.

  Article 10　The country adheres to the principle of equality, mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation, actively promoting international energy cooperation.

  Article 11　County level and above people's governments should strengthen the organization, leadership, and overall coordination of energy work, and timely study and solve major problems in energy work.

  County level and above people's governments shall incorporate energy work into national economic and social development plans and annual plans.

  Article 12　The energy regulatory department of the State Council is responsible for national energy work. Other relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for energy related work within their respective areas of responsibility.

  The energy competent department of the local people's government at or above the county level is responsible for energy work in its administrative region. Other relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for energy related work within their respective jurisdictions.

  Article 13　County level and above people's governments and their relevant departments should adopt various forms to strengthen publicity and education on energy conservation, energy security, and green and low-carbon development, enhance the awareness of energy conservation and energy security throughout society, and promote the formation of a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.

  News media should carry out public welfare propaganda on energy conservation, energy security, and green and low-carbon development of energy.

  Article 14　Units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in energy work shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant national regulations.

  Chapter Two　Energy Planning

  Article 15　The state formulates and improves energy planning, and plays a leading, guiding, and regulating role in energy development through energy planning.

  Energy planning includes national comprehensive energy planning, national sectoral energy planning, regional energy planning, and energy planning for provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government.

  Article 16　The national comprehensive energy plan is organized and compiled by the energy regulatory department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. The national comprehensive energy plan should be formulated based on the national economic and social development plan, and connected with relevant plans such as national spatial planning.

  The national energy planning for different fields shall be organized and compiled by the competent energy department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council based on the national comprehensive energy planning.

  The competent energy department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council and the people's governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, may formulate cross provincial, autonomous region, and municipality level regional energy plans based on the needs of regional economic and social development, energy resource endowment, energy production and consumption characteristics, ecological environment protection requirements, etc. Regional energy planning should comply with the national comprehensive energy planning and be linked with relevant national sub sector energy planning.

  Article 17　The energy competent departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, in conjunction with relevant departments, shall organize the preparation of energy plans for their respective provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government based on the national comprehensive energy plan, relevant national sectoral energy plans, and relevant regional energy plans.

  If the people's governments at the city level and county level need to prepare energy plans, they shall comply with the relevant regulations of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

  Article 18　The formulation of energy planning should follow the laws of energy development, adhere to overall planning and consideration, and strengthen scientific demonstration. The department responsible for organizing the preparation of energy plans shall solicit opinions from relevant departments, enterprises, industry organizations, and experts.

  Energy planning should clearly define the goals, main tasks, regional layout, key projects, and safeguard measures for energy development during the planning period.

  Article 19　Energy planning shall be implemented after approval in accordance with the prescribed authority and procedures.

  The approved energy plan shall be published in accordance with regulations.

  Article 20　The department responsible for organizing the preparation of energy plans shall conduct evaluations on the implementation of energy plans. If it is necessary to adjust the energy plan based on the evaluation results, approval from the original approving authority shall be obtained, except as otherwise provided by the state.

  Chapter Three　Energy Development And Utilization

  Article 21　The state formulates and improves energy development and utilization policies based on the endowment of energy resources and the needs of sustainable economic and social development, taking into account factors such as ensuring energy security, optimizing energy structure, promoting energy transformation and energy conservation, and protecting the ecological environment.

  Article 22　The state supports the priority development and utilization of renewable energy, rational development and clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, promotes the safe, reliable and orderly substitution of fossil energy with non fossil energy, and increases the proportion of non fossil energy consumption.

  The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, shall formulate medium and long-term development goals for the development and utilization of non fossil energy, monitor the development and utilization of non fossil energy on an annual basis, and publicize them to the society.

  Article 23　The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, shall formulate and organize the implementation of the minimum proportion target of renewable energy in energy consumption.

  The country is improving the guarantee mechanism for the consumption of renewable energy electricity. Power supply enterprises, electricity sales enterprises, relevant power users, and enterprises using self owned power plants for power supply shall bear the responsibility of consuming renewable energy generation in accordance with relevant national regulations.

  The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, monitors and assesses the implementation of the minimum proportion target of renewable energy in energy consumption and the responsibility for the consumption of renewable energy electricity.

  Article 24　The state coordinates hydropower development and ecological protection, and strictly controls the development and construction of small hydropower stations.

  The development, construction, and renovation of hydropower stations should comply with the relevant planning of the basin, taking into account the needs of flood control, ecology, water supply, irrigation, shipping, and other aspects.

  Article 25　The country promotes the development and utilization of wind and solar energy, adheres to both centralized and distributed approaches, accelerates the construction of wind and photovoltaic power generation bases, supports the development and utilization of distributed wind and photovoltaic power generation nearby, develops offshore wind power in a reasonable and orderly manner, and actively develops solar thermal power generation.

  Article 26　The state encourages the rational development and utilization of biomass energy, and develops biomass power generation, biomass clean heating, bio liquid fuels, and bio natural gas according to local conditions.

  The country promotes the large-scale development and utilization of ocean energy, and develops geothermal energy according to local conditions.

  Article 27　The country actively promotes the safe and orderly development of nuclear power.

  The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, will coordinate the development and layout of nuclear power throughout the country, and strengthen the management and supervision of the planning, site selection, design, construction, and operation of nuclear power plants in accordance with their responsibilities.

  Article 28　The country optimizes the layout and industrial structure of coal development, encourages the development of circular economy in coal mining areas, optimizes the structure of coal consumption, promotes clean and efficient utilization of coal, and plays a fundamental role in ensuring and regulating the energy supply system through coal.

  Article 29　The country has taken various measures to increase the exploration and development of oil and natural gas resources, and enhance the domestic supply guarantee capability of oil and natural gas.

  The development of oil and natural gas adheres to both onshore and offshore development, and encourages the large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as tight oil and gas, shale oil, shale gas, and coalbed methane.

  The state optimizes the layout and structure of the petroleum processing and conversion industry, and encourages the adoption of advanced and intensive processing and conversion methods.

 The state supports the rational development and utilization of new fuels and industrial raw materials that can replace oil and natural gas.

  Article 30　The country promotes the clean and efficient development of coal-fired power generation, reasonably arranges the construction of coal-fired power generation according to the needs of stable operation of the power system and power supply guarantee, and improves the regulation capacity of coal-fired power generation.

  Article 31　The country is accelerating the construction of a new type of power system, strengthening the coordinated construction of power sources and power grids, promoting the intelligent transformation of power grid infrastructure and the construction of smart microgrids, and improving the grid's ability to accept, allocate, and regulate renewable energy.

  Article 32　The country should reasonably layout, actively and orderly develop and construct pumped storage power stations, promote the high-quality development of new energy storage, and give full play to the regulating role of various types of energy storage in the power system.

  Article 33　The country actively and orderly promotes the development and utilization of hydrogen energy, and promotes the high-quality development of the hydrogen energy industry.

  Article 34　The country promotes the improvement of energy utilization efficiency, encourages the development of distributed energy and multi energy complementary and multi energy supply comprehensive energy services, actively promotes market-oriented energy-saving services such as contract energy management, and improves the level of clean, low-carbon, efficient, and intelligent terminal energy consumption.

  The country has established a green energy consumption promotion mechanism through the implementation of renewable energy green power certificates and other systems, encouraging energy users to prioritize the use of clean and low-carbon energy such as renewable energy.

  Public institutions should prioritize the procurement and use of clean and low-carbon energy such as renewable energy, as well as energy-saving products and services.

  Article 35　Energy enterprises and energy users shall equip and use energy and carbon emission measuring instruments in accordance with relevant national regulations.

  Energy users should use energy reasonably in accordance with safety regulations and relevant energy-saving provisions, fulfill their obligation to save energy in accordance with the law, actively participate in energy demand response, expand green energy consumption, and consciously practice a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.

  The country strengthens energy demand side management by improving systems such as tiered pricing and time-based pricing, guiding energy users to adjust their energy consumption methods, time, and quantity reasonably, promoting energy conservation and improving energy utilization efficiency.

  Article 36　Enterprises that undertake energy supply such as electricity, gas, and heat shall, in accordance with laws, regulations, and relevant national provisions, ensure that energy users within their business areas receive safe, continuous, and reliable energy supply services. Without legal or agreed reasons, they shall not refuse or interrupt energy supply services, nor shall they arbitrarily increase prices, illegally charge fees, reduce supply quantities, or limit purchase quantities.

  The enterprises mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall publicize service standards, charging standards, and complaint channels, and provide public inquiry services for energy users.

  Article 37　The country strengthens the construction and protection of energy infrastructure. No unit or individual shall engage in activities that endanger the safety of energy infrastructure.

  The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, coordinates the construction of energy infrastructure such as oil, natural gas, and power transmission pipelines across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government; The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall reserve land and sea for energy infrastructure construction in accordance with energy planning, and incorporate them into national spatial planning.

  Enterprises operating energy transmission pipeline facilities such as oil, natural gas, and electricity should improve the operational safety level of energy transmission pipelines and ensure the safe operation of energy transmission pipeline systems. The facilities, equipment, and products connected to the energy transmission pipeline network should meet the requirements for safe operation of the pipeline system.

  Article 38　The state encourages and supports the development of rural energy in accordance with the principles of urban-rural integration, adapting to local conditions, complementing multiple energy sources, comprehensive utilization, and improving services. It focuses on supporting the energy development of revolutionary old areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and underdeveloped rural areas, and improving the energy supply capacity and service level of rural areas.

  Local governments at or above the county level shall coordinate the construction of urban and rural energy infrastructure and public service systems, and promote the interconnection of urban and rural energy infrastructure.

  When there is a temporary shortage of energy supply in rural areas, the relevant local people's governments should take measures to prioritize the protection of energy for rural living and agricultural production.

  Article 39　Engaging in energy development and utilization activities shall comply with relevant laws and regulations on ecological environment protection, safety production, and occupational disease prevention and control, reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, prevent damage to the ecological environment, and prevent and reduce production safety accidents and occupational disease hazards.

  Chapter Four　Energy Market System

  Article 40　The state encourages and guides various business entities to invest in energy development and utilization, energy infrastructure construction, etc. in accordance with the law, promoting the development of the energy market.

  Article 41　The state promotes the independent operation of natural monopoly links in the energy sector and the market-oriented reform of competitive links, strengthens the supervision and regulation of natural monopoly businesses in the energy sector in accordance with the law, and supports all types of business entities to participate fairly in competitive businesses in the energy sector in accordance with market rules.

  Article 42　The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, will coordinate and promote the construction of a unified national energy trading market for coal, electricity, oil, natural gas, etc., promote the establishment of market trading institutions or platforms with complete functions and standardized operations, expand trading methods and product scope in accordance with the law, and improve trading mechanisms and rules.

  Article 43　The people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall strengthen overall coordination and organization to ensure smooth energy transportation.

  Enterprises operating energy transmission pipeline facilities should improve fair access and utilization mechanisms, publicly disclose information on the access and transmission capacity and operation of energy transmission pipeline facilities in accordance with regulations, and provide energy transmission services to eligible enterprises and other operating entities in a fair and non discriminatory manner.

  Article 44　The state encourages upstream and downstream enterprises in the energy sector to strengthen cooperation and collaborative development through long-term agreements and other means, in accordance with the market-oriented approach, and enhance their ability to respond to energy market risks.

  The country collaborates to promote high-quality development in energy resource exploration, design and construction, equipment manufacturing, project financing, circulation and trade, information services, etc., and enhance the support capacity of the entire upstream and downstream service chain in the energy field.

  Article 45　The state promotes the establishment of an energy price formation mechanism that is adapted to the socialist market economy system, mainly determined by factors such as energy and resource conditions, product and service costs, market supply and demand conditions, and sustainable development conditions.

  Energy prices that are subject to government pricing or government guidance in accordance with the law, with pricing authority and specific scope of application based on the pricing catalogs of the central and local governments. The formulation and adjustment of energy prices that implement government pricing or government guided pricing shall comply with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant national provisions such as the Price Law of the People's Republic of China. Energy companies should provide timely, truthful, and accurate data on prices, costs, and other related information in accordance with regulations.

  The country will improve the energy price regulation system, enhance the efficiency of energy price regulation, and establish a mechanism to prevent and respond to abnormal fluctuations in energy market prices.

  Article 46　The country actively promotes international investment and trade cooperation in the energy sector, effectively preventing and responding to risks in the international energy market.

  Chapter Five　Energy Reserves And Emergency Response

  Article 47　The state establishes and improves an efficient and coordinated energy reserve system in accordance with the principles of government leadership, social co construction, and diversified complementarity. It scientifically and reasonably determines the types, scale, and methods of energy reserves, and plays a strategic role in ensuring, macroeconomic regulation, and responding to urgent needs.

  Article 48　Energy reserves are combined with government reserves and enterprise reserves, and physical reserves are coordinated with production capacity reserves and mineral reserves.

  Government reserves include central government reserves and local government reserves, while enterprise reserves include corporate social responsibility reserves and other production and operation inventories of enterprises.

  The collection, storage, rotation, and utilization of energy reserves shall be carried out in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant national provisions.

  The country has improved the government reserve market regulation mechanism and taken effective measures to cope with risks such as significant market fluctuations.

  Article 49　Government reserve operation institutions shall establish and improve internal management systems in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant national provisions, strengthen reserve management, and ensure the safety of government reserves.

  The reserve of corporate social responsibility is established based on the principles of enterprise ownership, policy guidance, and effective supervision. Energy enterprises that undertake social responsibility reserves shall fulfill their reserve responsibilities in accordance with the prescribed types, quantities, etc., and accept supervision and management by relevant government departments.

  The specific measures for energy capacity reserve shall be formulated by the competent energy department of the State Council in conjunction with the finance department of the State Council and other relevant departments.

  The specific measures for the reserve of energy mineral deposits shall be formulated by the competent department of natural resources under the State Council in conjunction with the competent department of energy under the State Council, the financial department under the State Council, and other relevant departments.

  Article 50　The country is improving the regulatory system for energy reserves, accelerating the construction of energy reserve facilities, enhancing the professional level of energy reserve operation entities, strengthening the informatization construction of energy reserves, and continuously improving the comprehensive efficiency of energy reserves.

  Article 51　The country establishes and improves the energy forecasting and early warning system, enhances the ability and level of energy forecasting and early warning, and timely and effectively predicts and warns of changes in energy supply and demand, fluctuations in energy prices, and energy security risks.

  The energy forecast and warning information is released by the energy regulatory department of the State Council.

  Article 52　The state establishes an energy emergency management system with unified leadership, hierarchical responsibility, and coordinated linkage.

  County level and above people's governments should take effective measures to strengthen the construction of energy emergency systems, regularly conduct energy emergency drills and training, and improve energy emergency capabilities.

  Article 53　The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, shall formulate a national energy emergency plan and implement it after approval by the State Council.

  The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, shall strengthen guidance and coordination on energy emergency work across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government.

  The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate energy emergency plans for their respective administrative regions based on their actual situations.

  The formulation of energy emergency plans for city level and county-level governments shall be decided by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

  Large scale energy enterprises and energy consuming units shall prepare their own energy emergency plans in accordance with national regulations.

  Article 54　When there is a serious shortage or interruption of energy supply and other energy emergency situations, the relevant people's governments shall promptly initiate emergency response according to their authority. Based on the actual situation and needs, the following emergency response measures may be taken in accordance with the law:

  （1） Publish information related to energy supply and demand;

  （2） Implement emergency scheduling for energy production, transportation, and supply, or directly organize energy production, transportation, and supply;

  （3） Requisition of relevant energy products, energy reserve facilities, transportation vehicles, and other materials to ensure energy supply;

  （4） Implement price intervention measures and price emergency measures;

  （5） Organize the allocation of energy reserves in accordance with regulations;

  （6） Organize and implement energy supply in the order of energy supply guarantee;

  （7） Other necessary measures.

  After the energy emergency state is eliminated, the relevant people's governments should promptly terminate the implementation of emergency response measures.

  Article 55　When an energy emergency state as stipulated in Article 54 of this Law occurs, energy enterprises, energy users, and other relevant units and individuals shall obey the unified command and arrangement of the relevant people's government, assume corresponding energy emergency obligations in accordance with regulations, cooperate in taking emergency response measures, and assist in maintaining the order of the energy market.

  If the implementation of energy emergency response measures causes losses to relevant units or individuals, the relevant people's governments shall compensate according to law.

  Chapter Six　Energy Technology Innovation

  Article 56　The state formulates policies and measures to encourage and support energy technology innovation, and promotes the establishment of an energy technology innovation system led by national strategic scientific and technological forces, with enterprises as the main body, the market as the guide, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research.

  Article 57　The state encourages and supports the exploration and development of energy resources, clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuels, development and utilization of renewable energy, safe utilization of nuclear energy, development and utilization of hydrogen energy, as well as research, development, demonstration, promotion and application of fundamental, key and cutting-edge major technologies, equipment and related new materials in energy storage, energy conservation and other fields, and their industrial development.

  Energy technology innovation should be included in the key support areas of national science and technology development and high-tech industry development plans.

  Article 58　The state formulates and improves policies on industry, finance, government procurement, and encourages and guides social capital to invest in energy technology innovation.

  Article 59　The state establishes a major energy technology innovation platform, supports the construction of major energy technology infrastructure and public service platforms for energy technology research and development, testing, inspection, certification, etc., and improves energy technology innovation and service capabilities.

  Article 60　The state supports the concentrated development of scientific and technological breakthroughs and integrated application demonstrations based on major energy projects, promoting collaborative innovation among industry, academia, research, and the upstream and downstream energy supply chains.

  Article 61　The state supports the application of advanced information technology in the energy field, promotes the digital and intelligent development of energy production and supply, as well as the coordinated conversion and integration of various energy sources.

  Article 62　The country has increased efforts to cultivate professionals in energy technology, encouraging and supporting educational institutions, research institutions, and enterprises to cooperate in cultivating high-quality professionals in energy technology.

  Chapter Seven　Supervision And Administration

  Article 63　The energy regulatory departments and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, strengthen supervision and inspection of energy related work, and promptly investigate and punish illegal activities.

  Article 64　The energy regulatory departments and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level may, in accordance with their respective responsibilities and in accordance with the law, perform their supervisory and inspection duties and may take the following measures:

  （1） Conduct on-site inspections in energy enterprises, dispatching agencies, energy market trading agencies, energy users and other units;

  （2） Inquire with personnel related to the inspection items and request them to provide explanations on the relevant matters;

  （3） Search, copy, and inspect documents, materials, and electronic data related to the inspection items;

  （4） Other measures stipulated by laws and regulations.

  The inspected units and their relevant personnel shall cooperate with the supervision and inspection carried out by the energy regulatory authorities and other relevant departments in accordance with the law, and shall not refuse or obstruct.

  The energy regulatory authorities and other relevant departments, as well as their staff, have a legal obligation to keep confidential any state secrets, trade secrets, personal privacy, and personal information that they become aware of during the supervision and inspection process.

  Article 65　The energy regulatory authorities and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen energy supervision coordination, improve regulatory efficiency, and may establish energy supervision information systems according to work needs.

  Relevant units shall submit relevant information to the energy regulatory department and other relevant departments in accordance with regulations.

  Article 66　The energy regulatory department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, will strengthen the construction of the credit system in the energy industry and establish a credit record system in accordance with relevant national regulations.

  Article 67　Disputes arising from the access and use of energy transmission pipeline facilities may be coordinated by the energy regulatory department of the people's government at or above the provincial level. If coordination fails, the parties may file a lawsuit with the people's court; The parties may also directly file a lawsuit with the people's court.

  Article 68　Any unit or individual has the right to report any violation of this Law and other relevant laws and regulations on energy to the energy competent department of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments. The department receiving the report shall promptly handle it in accordance with the law.

  Chapter Eight　Legal Liability

  Article 69　Staff members of energy regulatory departments or other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level who violate the provisions of this law, abuse their power, neglect their duties, or engage in favoritism and fraud shall be punished in accordance with the law.

  Article 70　If an enterprise that undertakes the supply of energy such as electricity, gas, and heat in violation of the provisions of this Law refuses or interrupts energy supply services to energy users within its business area without legal or agreed reasons, or increases prices, illegally collects fees, reduces supply quantities, or restricts purchase quantities without authorization, the energy competent department of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments shall order it to rectify according to their respective responsibilities and impose administrative penalties in accordance with the law; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant supervisors and directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

  Article 71　If an energy transmission pipeline network facility operating enterprise violates the provisions of this law by failing to open up and provide energy transmission services to eligible enterprises and other operating entities in a fair and non discriminatory manner, the energy regulatory department of the people's government at or above the provincial level or other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, order it to make corrections, give a warning or issue a notice of criticism; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be fined up to twice the amount of economic losses suffered by the relevant business entities; If the circumstances are serious, the relevant supervisors and directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

  Article 72　Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and falls under any of the following circumstances shall be ordered to rectify, given a warning or criticized by the energy regulatory department or other relevant departments of the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with their respective responsibilities; Those who refuse to make corrections shall be fined not less than 100000 yuan but not more than 200000 yuan:

  （1） Enterprises that undertake energy supply such as electricity, gas, and heat have not publicly disclosed service standards, charging standards, and complaint channels, or have not provided public inquiry services for energy users;

  （2） The operating enterprise of energy transmission pipeline network facilities has not disclosed the access and transmission capacity, as well as the operation information of energy transmission pipeline network facilities in accordance with regulations;

  （3） Energy companies fail to provide relevant data such as price and cost in accordance with regulations;

  （4） The relevant unit failed to submit relevant information to the energy regulatory department or other relevant departments in accordance with regulations.

  Article 73　If an energy enterprise, energy user, or other relevant unit or individual violates the provisions of this Law by not obeying the unified command and arrangement of the relevant people's government, failing to assume energy emergency obligations in accordance with regulations, or failing to cooperate in taking emergency response measures during an energy emergency state, the energy competent department of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, order them to make corrections, give a warning or issue a notice of criticism; For those who refuse to make corrections, individuals shall be fined not less than 10000 yuan but not more than 50000 yuan, and units shall be fined not less than 100000 yuan but not more than 500000 yuan. Depending on the severity of the circumstances, they may be ordered to suspend business for rectification or have their relevant licenses revoked in accordance with the law.

  Article 74　Those who violate the provisions of this law and cause property losses or other damages shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law; Those who violate public security management shall be subject to public security management penalties in accordance with the law; Those who commit crimes shall be held criminally responsible in accordance with the law.

  Chapter Nine　Supplementary Provisions

  Article 75　The meanings of the following terms in this law:

  （1） Fossil energy refers to the energy evolved from ancient animal and plant fossils through geological processes, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

  （2） Renewable energy refers to energy that can be continuously replenished and regenerated through natural processes in a relatively short period of time, including hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, etc.

  （3） Non fossil energy refers to energy obtained without relying on fossil fuels, including renewable energy and nuclear energy.

  （4） Biomass energy refers to the energy converted from plants in nature and organic waste in urban and rural areas through biological, chemical, or physical processes.

  （5） Hydrogen energy refers to the energy released through chemical reactions using hydrogen as an energy carrier.

  Article 76　The management of energy development and utilization in the military shall be carried out in accordance with relevant national and military regulations.

  If the state has other regulations on the development and utilization of nuclear energy, those regulations shall apply.

  Article 77　If the international treaties related to energy that the People's Republic of China has concluded or participated in have different provisions from this Law, the provisions of the international treaties shall apply, except for the provisions that the People's Republic of China has declared reservations to.

  Article 78　If any country or region adopts discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions or other similar measures against the People's Republic of China in the renewable energy industry or other energy fields, the People's Republic of China may take corresponding measures against that country or region according to the actual situation.

  Article 79　Organizations and individuals outside the territory of the People's Republic of China who commit acts that endanger the national energy security of the People's Republic of China shall be held legally responsible in accordance with the law.

  Article 800　This law shall come into effect on January 1, 2025.